Fistula

What Is a Fistula?
A fistula is an abnormal connection or tunnel that forms between two organs or between an organ and the skin. In the case of an anal fistula, it is a small tunnel that develops between the end of the bowel (the rectum or anus) and the skin around the anus. Fistulas often result from infections, leading to the formation of abscesses that drain improperly, creating this connection.

Causes of a Fistula

• Chronic Infections: Recurrent abscesses or infections in the anal glands.
• Crohn’s Disease: A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that increases the risk of fistula formation.
• Trauma or Surgery: Injuries or surgeries in the anorectal area.
• Tuberculosis: In some cases, TB infections can lead to fistulas.
• Cancer or Radiation Therapy: Rarely, malignancies or radiation treatments may result in a fistula.

Symptoms of a Fistula

• Persistent pain around the anus, especially when sitting or during bowel movements.
• Swelling and redness near the anus.
• Drainage of pus or foul-smelling discharge from the fistula opening.
• Recurrent abscesses that keep forming in the same area.
• Bleeding during bowel movements.
• Fever and fatigue if the infection spreads.

How Is a Fistula Diagnosed?
A fistula can often be diagnosed through:

1. Physical Examination: A doctor will look for external openings, redness, or discharge near the anus.
2. Imaging Tests: Tests like an MRI, ultrasound, or CT scan can provide detailed information about the fistula’s location and severity.
3. Fistulography: A special X-ray to assess the fistula’s pathway.

Treatment for Fistula
Fistulas rarely heal on their own and typically require medical intervention. The treatment options include:

1. Medications: Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications to manage infections or symptoms temporarily.
2. Surgery:
   • Fistulotomy: The most common procedure, where the fistula is opened and cleaned for healing.
   • Seton Placement: A thread is placed to keep the fistula open and drain infection gradually.
   • Advanced Procedures: Techniques like LIFT (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract) or VAAFT (Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) for complex fistulas.
3. Non-Surgical Treatments: In some cases, glue or plugs are used to close the fistula.

Complications of an Untreated Fistula

• Chronic infections or abscess formation.
• Spread of infection to surrounding tissues.
• Scarring and narrowing of the anal canal.
• Reduced quality of life due to persistent pain and discharge.

Preventing a Fistula

• Maintain good hygiene, especially in the anal area.
• Treat infections promptly to prevent abscess formation.
• Manage underlying conditions like Crohn’s disease with proper medical care.
• Eat a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation and reduce strain on the anal region.

When to Seek Medical Help
If you experience persistent pain, swelling, or unusual discharge around the anus, it’s essential to consult a specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve recovery outcomes.

For expert diagnosis and treatment of fistulas, contact Janta Piles Clinic at 9904266955. Our experienced team offers advanced, minimally invasive solutions to help you heal faster and live a healthier life!